Who is right bow or satin. Luca and Sateen: which one is right? LITERATURUS: World of Russian Literature

Essay text:

Creativity A.M. Gorky occupies one of the first places in Russian literature. The works created by him clearly and truthfully reflect the reality of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A.M. Already at the beginning of the century, Gorky was perceived by his contemporaries as the head of democratic literature and as a major figure in Russian culture.
The heroes of Gorky are mostly thinking people, inclined to think about their fate, about love for one's neighbor, about the essence of being.
In my essay, I want to touch on the topic of truth, a topic that worries people from the day the world arose, from the day when homo sapiens appeared on earth, when reason was given to man. The dispute about the truth has been going on for several thousand years.
This dispute, the dispute about truth, the dispute about man, is also present in Gorky's work.
I would like to analyze the thoughts of the two heroes of the play: Luke and Sateen.
In an interview with a correspondent of the Petersburg newspaper, Gorky, referring to the problems of his play, said: Is it necessary to bring compassion to the point of using a lie, like Luke? This question is not subjective, but general philosophical. This is how Gorky poses the problem.
Luke and Satin are thinking about a man, his strength, his truth, about his attitude towards a man: Man is the truth. Luka... With the appearance of this man in the rooming house, the souls of its inhabitants were agitated, their thoughts became more intense, more collected. Luke is a wanderer who preaches kindness, love and respect for people. This is a man who loves to think. You can't deny him the mind, he strives for the truth.
Luka... In my opinion, this is the main character of the play. If it weren't for him, the play At the Bottom would be boring, not reflecting the search for an idea about a person, about truth. He quietly entered the rooming house. He consoled someone, regretted someone, advised someone, and now it seems that Luka has long been living among the inhabitants of the rooming house.
Luke the humanist: Man can do anything. This is a philosopher who knows that the main value on earth is a person, anyone. And the lyricist he sympathizes with people and
comforts them. Luke's words are humane, they encourage, uplift the spirit, even if not for long. Here is their human value.
Luka is a stranger. The Stranger is not quite ordinary: he is much smarter, sharper, more insightful than many of his fellows. Luka is a tireless observer, he really wants to know how it works and how it will work in the future, this life is so monotonous and at the same time so different, so gray and so colorful, so evil and so kind, if only because it already exists. .
The image of Luke is evidence of the talents hidden among the people. For this man is undoubtedly gifted, developed and original.
The most intelligent and intelligent inhabitant of the bottom received the strongest spiritual impressions from Luka Satin. He picks up Luke's humanistic thought about the value of a person and raises it to a height: Man ... this sounds proud. Everything that was in the soul of Sateen serious, real, suddenly stirred up. Under the influence of Luke's philosophy, his thoughts about truth arise, about a person, confused, but not incoherent, but endowed with considerable meaning.
Luka left in the spring... Satin recalls his conversations with him, recalls his questions and answers:
Grandfather! why do people live?
And for the better I live, people, my dear! For a hundred years ... and maybe more, I live for a better person!
Sateen's monologue about a man acquired, in my opinion, a special romantic coloring, as it sounded at the very bottom of life, in the most cruel circumstances. It was a protest both against the system, which oppressed a person, and against humility and comforting compassion, which increased the feeling of oppression:
Man is free... he pays for everything himself, and therefore he is free!
I think that while saying this monologue, Satin was influenced by Luke, his conversations with him.
I believe that there is no winner or loser in the debate about truth. In this dispute, everyone is right in their own way. Luke is right in calling to himself a lie, a comforting lie, a reconciling lie. Sateen is also right in his own way, asserting compassion, respect, saying that the truth is a Man. His understanding of a person is as follows, a person is ... not you, not me, not them ... no! it's you, me, they, the old man, Napoleon, Mahomet... in one! It's huge! This is where it all starts and ends! Based on this monologue, one can come to the conclusion that the truth is all the people that live on earth, everything else is the work of their hands and their brain.
Satin proves that a person is above satiety, that a person has high goals, there are higher needs than caring about being fed: I have always despised people who care too much about being fed. Not in this case! Man above! Man above satiety! Truly, man is not by bread alone. Luke wants to understand human affairs. And in most cases, he succeeds. Having understood the person, Luke tries to help him, to pity, console, cheer him up. He does this without difficulty, since Luke himself has gone through a lot, and he understands human troubles ...
After reading the play At the Bottom, I developed a certain concept of truth, pity, and lies. It's true it's a man!

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The play "At the Bottom" was written on June 15, 1902, and premiered on stage on December 31 of the same year. It changed many names during the development process and overcame many obstacles due to censorship in Russian theaters, but it has remained interesting to this day, because in it you can find the truth about the life of "former people", that is, the social lower classes of society, hence its name to which we are so accustomed.

One can argue a lot about why Gorky did not leave her a name, for example, “Without the Sun” or “The Nochlezhka”, but the most interesting thing, in my opinion, is to talk about the conflict of this play.

I want to start with the fact that in the play we can notice three “truths”, each of which is true in its own way, it is they that constitute the conflict of the work.

The “truth” of the wanderer Luke is that if in order to live, a person needs a lie, he needs to lie, because this will be a lie for the good. Without it, a person may not endure the hard truth and die altogether, since everyone needs consolation to continue the fight against despondency. The speech of the hero is aphoristic, and in it one can see his life position. For example, the hero believes that: "What you believe is what it is."

There is also a second "truth", which is displayed in the image of Sateen, who is a sharpie and an alcoholic. In the past, he was a telegraph operator, but he dared to kill a man and went to prison, and ended up in a rooming house, carrying his “truth” that lies are the religion of slaves and you can’t lie to anyone, anywhere. Satin believes that a person needs to be respected, and not humiliated with pity. According to Konstantin, a person should not despair, and it is in his monologues that the author's position is observed: "Truth is the god of a free man!"

The third “truth” is that you need to say everything directly, as it is, and this is the truth of Bubnov. He believes that there is no point in lying, because anyway everyone will die sooner or later.

Each person decides for himself which “truth” is closer to him, but the most difficult thing is to make the right choice, because a person’s life, or even hundreds of people, can depend on it. I believe that the truth proposed by Satin is closer to me, since I think that a person should always be aware of his value and be respected. A lie will always exist, whether we like it or not, because without evil, as you know, there would be no good. However, it cannot be cultivated and turned into an idea, justifying it with an illusory good. Everyone has their own understanding of “good”, and if we start deceiving each other in order to achieve a “higher” goal, then we will only sow evil. The dispute, whose truth is more truthful, will be decided by force, and it will no longer be up to respect and the value of human life and personality.

Luke leaves, as do abstract ideals under the pressure of real life. What can he, a vagabond and a beggar, advise people? How can I help you? Only to inspire a destructive vain hope, which, leaving, will smash a person to smithereens.

In conclusion, I want to write that an honest person is much stronger and kinder than a liar: he is not indifferent if he tries to find the truth and show it to you, and not hide or “not notice” out of banal indifference to your fate. A liar irresponsibly and cold-bloodedly uses gullibility and betrays it, and an honest person has to break through the armor of distrust and act directly for your good. He doesn't use you or fool around for fun. Luka, too, was neither calculating nor funny, but he was far from real life and immersed in his own illusions. Satin is a realist, he has seen more in his lifetime. A kind of prodigal son knew from his own experience how a person needs respect and truth, which, as you know, could warn him in due time from a fatal mistake.

Man is the truth!

M. Gorky. At the bottom

The play "At the Bottom" was written by M. Gorky in 1902, on the eve of the first Russian revolution. It gives a vivid picture not only of the class antagonism and social ulcers of the old society, but also of those complex processes of mental fermentation that seized even the most backward, restless sections of the people.

The main philosophers of the rooming house in the play are Satin and Luka. Sateen's philosophy is cheerful cynicism, the perception of life as a game, since he himself is a sharpie. And although Satin is a man with quirks and surprises, his thought is able to break out of the framework of the usual way of life of tramps.

In the image of Luke, we see a simple wandering philosopher, who embodied the search and wanderings of a significant part of the social lower classes, the desire for truth, high morality, "order". Luka is a representative of a Christian-colored, original system of views, in which there is both childish faith, and the desire to console and encourage, and a share of sensitivity, its own ethics and its own irony: "Listen, do not interfere! Here - a woman is dying ... her lips are already covered with earth ... do not interfere! But, preaching faith in a person, respect for him, this wanderer pities people more than he respects them.

Luke traveled a lot in an unusual period of history, when the spiritual life of the people took on an increasingly intense character. The old man treats the authorities with coolness. To Medvedev's question: "Who is this? As if I don't know you ...", Luka replies sharply and even a little contemptuously: "Do you know the rest of the people?"

Luka is a very attentive and observant person, he is interested to know how everything will work out in the future, what life will be like, at this time full of evil and injustice. He has rich life experience, he knows many true stories and draws his own very interesting conclusions: "Siberia will not teach a person anything, but a person ... he can teach a lot ... and very quickly."

But the weak point in the worldview concept of Luke is the absence of objective truths: "what you believe is what you are." It turns out that under the guise of consolation and faith, he sows disbelief and despair among the inhabitants of the rooming house. Preaching faith in man, he gives the heroes of the play hope only for a short time, after which bitter disappointment sets in. This happens because the elder is secretly convinced that it is impossible to change the real situation of a person.

As a result of Luke's activities, people continue to live in a false, invented world by themselves. And one of the most terrible consequences of this is the suicide of the Actor, who was encouraged by the old man and finally realized that it was all a lie.

It turns out that Luke often prefers illusions to truth, lies, although "lies for good": "Why do you really need it painfully ... She, really, maybe swelled for you."

Satin in M. Gorky's play "At the Bottom" is the ideological opponent of Luke. Although it was the old man who led him to think, Satin adheres to other principles and raises the thought of the value of man to an unattainable height: "Man is free!" If Luke puts forward the theory that people are valuable not in themselves, but as material for the best, Satin managed to go further in his reasoning: “Everything is in a person, everything is for a person! Man! This is great! It sounds. ... proudly!

And let Satin - more a man of words, not deeds, his speech, his understanding testify that faith in life, the very spark of life, did not go out "at the bottom." In one of his aphorisms, Satin is a fierce opponent of Luke: "Falsehood is the religion of slaves and masters. Truth is the god of a free man."

For me, both of these characters are very valuable: their views, worldview. With the appearance of Luka, the inhabitants of the rooming house began to think, search, they wanted a brighter life, although they themselves probably understood this vaguely.

If you don't push the wheel, it won't spin. It was at the suggestion of Luca that Satin, in his reflections, came to the conclusion about the significance of a person. He went further than Luke because he chose a more direct and honest path. It was Satin who managed to believe in man and reject Luke's false humanism: "Man is the truth!" But, having come to the right conclusions, Satin remained the individualist he had been before.

A person cannot change immediately, it takes time. So in life there are periods when Luke is needed with his consolation, encouragement, attention to others, but there are also moments when only the decisive word of Sateen will bring the truth to the human heart.

Many of us remember the famous play by M. Gorky, in which there are two heroes: Luka and Satin. Each of them defends his point of view, and only the audience can decide which of them is right.

Let's consider the dispute of these characters in more detail.

The plot and the main characters of Gorky's play

This was not surprising, because the young playwright was able to create not only a touching plot, but also brilliant images of the main characters.

The plot was the life of the inhabitants of a rooming house for the poor, people who have nothing: no money, no status, no social status, and even simple bread. Their fate is tragic, they do not see the meaning of their existence, their future is only death and poverty.

Among the heroes, two antipodes stood out - Luke and Satin, who conveyed to the audience the main meaning of the play.

Luke's position

Luka, an old wanderer of about 60, does not appear in the play immediately. He comes to the rooming house and in his own way tries to console the inhabitants there.

He promises Anna, who is dying of illness, heavenly bliss for the torment suffered on earth, the robber Vaska - the opportunity to start a new life in distant and cold Siberia, the alcoholic - the hospital in which he will be cured, the prostitute - the opportunity to find true love, etc.

Some residents of this institution begin to believe the kind old man, but some of them reject his stories, considering (and deservedly considering) them to be lies.

Philosophy of Luke

In fact, Luke suggests to his listeners that he primitively understands the Christian man must endure everything, because he is sinful, he bears a well-deserved punishment on earth, and after death he will be rewarded according to his deeds.

This philosophy essentially justifies evil on earth, turns God into a powerful and ferocious ruler of people who rewards everyone according to their deserts.

Therefore, Luke seeks to deceive the unfortunate people who have fallen into a rooming house, believing that such deception will help them cope with life's difficulties. Luke is ready to accept social injustice as a given, considering it a consequence of the imperfection of human nature.

Satin Position

Satin is the only rooming house character who tries to maintain his human dignity in the inhuman conditions of extreme poverty.

Once he was a more significant person (although he was a cheater and gambler), but he lost his status after standing up for the honor of his sister, he was sentenced to imprisonment for a period of 5 years.

Luka and Satin are very different. They are distinguished not so much by age as by beliefs.

Satin is a humanist, in difficult conditions he did not lose faith in people, he does not want to believe Luke's sweet speeches, believing that every person is "the blacksmith of his own happiness."

Philosophy Satin

The dispute between Luke and Sateen begins with the fact that the latter begins to contradict the words of the old man. No, Sateen does not need consolation, he is looking for active work. His truth is not Christian philosophy. Satin is closer to the position of atheism, which believes that everything is in the hands of the person himself, and does not depend on the action of higher powers. Satin does not believe in the immortality of the human soul, he does not need God, he believes that he was “at the bottom” not because his fate was so, but because he acted nobly and honestly and was punished unfairly.

“The truth is that there is a god of a free man!” Satin exclaims. He strives to build a new socially just society of free people who could live in harmony with themselves.

The characterization of Sateen and Luke shows us that these two people demonstrate by their example two completely different positions, two different attitudes towards life and understanding of a person's place in this world.

The position of Luke is compassionate, but passive, the position of Sateen is active, transformative, active. In the play, Satin won the actual victory in the dispute, because it was Luka who left the rooming house.

The dispute between Luke and Sateen: the reaction of contemporaries

Gorky's play was a huge success with the audience also because the author was able to feel and convey in it the spirit of his time.

Society wanted change. Luke's philosophy did not suit young people seeking to transform society according to new patterns. They were opposed by the more conservative part of the older generation, who wanted to preserve the state and social system.

Luka and Satin were just expressing the social split. They revealed these two irreconcilable positions and philosophies of life.

By the way, the author of the play himself, of course, belonged to the latter, he shared the position of Satin, for him this hero embodied what he himself thought. All his life, Gorky fought those who tried to preach tolerance and forgiveness, his values ​​were the struggle and faith in the great future of his country.

In fact, Gorky himself could be called a "revolutionary in Russian literature", who in his works vividly and vividly conveyed the atmosphere of expectation of a new life by part of the progressively minded youth.

People wanted to abandon the monarchical system, they wanted to abandon the power of the capitalists, they believed that they themselves would be able to build a new and more just state.

As a result, the truth of Luke and Sateen turned out to be unequal. A revolution took place in the country, the Bolsheviks seized power, who, like Satin, decided to abandon religion as an extra social link.

So Gorky's play really turned out to be prophetic. And therein lies the genius of this work of Russian literature.

Man is the truth!

M. Gorky. At the bottom

The play "At the Bottom" was written by M. Gorky in 1902, on the eve of the first Russian revolution. It gives a vivid picture not only of the class antagonism and social ulcers of the old society, but also of those complex processes of mental fermentation that gripped even the most backward, restless sections of the people.

The main philosophers of the rooming house in the play are Sa-tin and Luka. Sateen's philosophy is cheerful cynicism, the perception of life as a game, since he himself is a cheater. And although Satin is a man with quirks and surprises, his thought is able to break out of the framework of the usual way of life of tramps.

In the image of Luke, we see a simple wandering philosopher, who embodied the search and wanderings of a significant part of the social lower classes, the desire for truth, high morality, “order”. Luke is a representative of a Christian-colored, original system of views, in which there is both childish faith, and the desire to comfort and encourage, and a share of sensitivity, its own ethics and its own irony: “Listen, do not interfere! Here - the woman is dying ... already her lips are covered with earth ... do not interfere! But, preaching faith in a person, respect for him, this wanderer pities people more than he respects them.

Luke traveled a lot in an unusual period of history, when the spiritual life of the people took on an increasingly intense character. The old man treats the authorities with coolness. To Medvedev's question: “Who is this? It’s as if I don’t know you ... ”, Luka replies sharply and even a little contemptuously:“ Do you know all the rest of the people?

Luka is a very attentive and observant person, he is interested in knowing how everything will work out in the future, what life will be like, at this time full of evil and injustice. He has rich life experience, he knows many true stories and draws his own very interesting conclusions: “Siberia will not teach a person anything, but a person ... he can teach a lot ... and very quickly.”

But the weak point in Luke's worldview concept is the absence of objective truths: "What you believe is what you are." It turns out that under the guise of consolation and faith, he sows disbelief and despair among the inhabitants of the rooming house. Preaching faith in man, he gives the heroes of the play hope only for a short time, after which bitter disappointment sets in. This happens because the elder is secretly convinced that it is impossible to change the real situation of a person.

As a result of Luke's activities, people continue to live in a false, invented world by themselves. And one of the most terrible consequences of this is the suicide of the Actor, who was encouraged by the old man and finally realized that it was all a lie.

It turns out that Luke often prefers illusions to truth, lies, although “lying for good”: “Why do you really need it painfully ... She, really, maybe swelled for you.”

Satin in M. Gorky's play "At the Bottom" is an ideological opponent of Luke. Although it was the old man who led him to think, Satin adheres to other principles and raises the thought of the value of man to an unattainable height: “Man is free!” If Luke puts forward the theory that people are valuable not in themselves, but as material for the best, Satin managed to go further in his reasoning: “Everything is in a person, everything is for a person! Human! It's great! It sounds ... proudly! .. One must respect a person! Do not pity ... do not humiliate him with pity ... you must respect!

And let Satin be more a man of words than deeds, his speech, his understanding testify to the fact that faith in life, the very spark of life, has not gone out “at the bottom”. In one of his aphorisms, Satin is a fierce opponent of Luke: “Lie is the religion of slaves and masters. Truth is the god of a free man.” material from the site

Both of these characters are very valuable to me: their views, worldview. With the advent of Luka, the inhabitants of the lodging house began to think, to search, they wanted a brighter life, although they themselves probably understood this vaguely.

If you don't push the wheel, it won't spin. It was at the suggestion of Luca that Satin, in his reflections, came to the conclusion about the significance of a person. He went further than Luke because he chose a more direct and honest path. It was Sa-tin who managed to believe in man and reject the false humanism of Luke: “Man is the truth!” But, having come to the right conclusions, Satin remained the individualist he had been before.

A person cannot change immediately, it takes time. So in life there are periods when Luke is needed with his consolation, encouragement, attention to others, but there are also moments when only the decisive word of Sateen will carry the truth to the human heart.

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